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The inner lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, provides support to the embryo during early development. Connected to the two fallopian tubes on its superior end and to the vagina (via the cervix) on its inferior end, the uterus is also known as the womb, as it surrounds and supports the developing fetus during pregnancy. The uterus is a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ located posterior and superior to the urinary bladder. The inside of each fallopian tube is covered in cilia that work with the smooth muscle of the tube to carry the ovum to the uterus. The fimbriae swipe over the outside of the ovaries to pick up released ova and carry them into the infundibulum for transport to the uterus. The fallopian tubes end in a funnel-shaped structure called the infundibulum, which is covered with small finger-like projections called fimbriae. The fallopian tubes are a pair of muscular tubes that extend from the left and right superior corners of the uterus to the edge of the ovaries. The ovum travels from the ovary to the fallopian tube, where it may be fertilized before reaching the uterus.
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Each month during ovulation, a mature ovum is released. Ova are produced from oocyte cells that slowly develop throughout a woman’s early life and reach maturity after puberty. Ovaries produce female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone as well as ova (commonly called “eggs”), the female gametes. The ovaries are a pair of small glands about the size and shape of almonds, located on the left and right sides of the pelvic body cavity lateral to the superior portion of the uterus.
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Female Reproductive System Anatomy Ovaries
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